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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-S) 


1.0 


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111 


12.2 


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1.8 


1-25  IIIIII.4   IIIIII.6 


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Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  chocked  below. 


D 
D 
D 
0 
D 

n 

D 
D 

D 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 

Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommagte 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurie  et/ou  pellicul6e 

Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  gAographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  inic  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  blacic)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distoction 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serr^e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intirieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajouties 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  Atsit  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t^  filmies. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  8uppl6mentalres: 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6X6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mithode  normalo  de  filmage 
sont  indiquAs  ci-dessous. 


Th 
to 


p~1   Coloured  pages/ 


D 
D 

D 


D 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommag6es 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  pellicul6es 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  d6color6es,  tacheties  ou  piqu^es 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ddtachdes 


I      I    Showthrough/ 


Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Qualiti  in6gale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  materii 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplimentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  6dition  disponible 


I      I    Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I      I    Includes  supplementary  material/ 

I      I    Only  edition  available/ 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obsc^jred  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refllmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partlellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6t6  film6es  6  nouveau  de  fapon  A 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


Th 
po 
of 
fill 


Or 
be 
thi 
sic 
oti 
fir 
si< 
or 


Th 
sh 
Til 
w» 

Ml 
dif 
en 
be 

"g 

rec 
mc 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  reduction  indiquA  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  ItX  22X 


y 


12X 


16X 


20X 


26X 


aox 


24X 


] 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmad  her*  hat  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library  Division 

Provincial  Archives  of  British  Columbia 

The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  !4St  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  —*■  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


L'exemplaire  film*  fut  reproduit  grAce  h  la 
gAnArosit*  de: 

Library  Division 

Provincial  Archives  of  British  Columbia 

Les  images  suivantes  ont  hxh  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettet6  de  l'exemplaire  filmA,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  on 
papier  est  imprimie  sont  filmAs  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  film6s  en  commenpant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  derniAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboies  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
derniire  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  -<^>  signifie  "A  SUIVRE  ",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartas,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
film6s  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diffArents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  »eul  cliche,  il  est  film*  A  partir 
de  Tangle  sup^rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prr^nant  le  nombre 
d'images  n^cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  m^thode. 


1 

2 

3 

/ 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

^NEW  OFFICIAL  MAI^ 


OP    U 


k\.k^^k 


AND  THE 


KLONDIKE 

Gold  Fields. 


Xhe  Ne\A/     ElGloraclo." 


PUBLISHED  BY 


K    S9  FultOB  street, 

MSW  YORK. 

1897. 

COPYRIGHT  SECURKD  BY  GKO.  F.  OBAM,  18W. 


415417  Deaiboni  Street,^ 

caaicAGO. 


J 


4r. 


J 


M 


ALASKA. 


Area,  syjfySgo  Square  Miles.    Population,  SiyJQS^ 

History.  This  extensive  tract  and  peninsula  together 
with  the  Aleutian  Islands  formerly  belonged  to  Russia, 
that  Empire  claiming  ai:d  holding  the  same  by  the  right  of 
Behring's  discovery  in  1741,  and  the  subsequent  settlement 
of  the  district.  In  1799  the  Emperor  Paul  granted  a  twenty 
years'  charter  to  the  Russo-American  Fur  Company,  which 
conquered  the  country  as  far  south  as  Sitka,  which  was 
founded  in  1801.  The  charter  of  the  corporation  was 
renewed  in  1839,  but  finally  expired  in  1863.  William  H. 
Seward,  Secretary  of  State,  and  Charles  Sumner,  Senator 
from  Massachusetts,  in  the  face  of  much  ridicule  and  oppo- 
sition, became  the  champions  and  advocates  for  the  pur- 
chase of  tbis  "profitless  land  of  imperial  dimensions"  by 
the  United  States,  which  was  made  in  1867,  on  payment  of 
$7,200,000  in  gold.  Congress  created  Alaska  in  1870  a 
military  and  collection  district,  and  by  Act  of  May  17, 1884, 
provided  a  civil  and  territorial  government.  At  the  time  of 
the  purchase  of  Alaska  many  called  it  "Seward's  folly,"  yet 
at  this  date  the  United  States  have  received  an  income  from 
the  seal  and  other  fisheries  far  in  excess  of  the  amount  first 
paid,  and  hold  in  addition  the  most  valuable  seal  fur-bearing 
animals  and  other  fisheries  in  the  world,  and  an  undeveloped 


mineral  and  lumber  district  'which  bids  fair  to  excel  any 
other  now  existing  on  the  earth's  surface. 

In  acquiring  the  Alaskan  territory  though,  the  United 
States  moved  its  center,  figured  in  geographical  miles,  not 
in  area  or  population,  as,  far  west  as  San  Francisco.  The 
country  now  extends  from  about  the  65th  degree  of  longitude 
up  at  the  far  east  corner  of  Maiae  to  the  I22d  degree  up  at 
the  far  northwest  tip  of  the  Alaskan  mainland.  This  is 
taking  no  account  of  the  little  island  of  Attu,  1,000  miles  out 
in  the  Pacific,  beyond  the  Hawaiian  group,  which,  since  the 
purchase  of  Alaska,  has  really  been  our  western  land  limit. 
The  United  States,  therefore,  may  almost  say  with  England 
that  the  sun  never  sets  on  its  possessions. 

Government  and  Judiciary.  By  Act  of  May  17,  1884, 
"providing  a  civil  government  for  Alaska,"  Congress  cre- 
ated a  District  Government  providing  for  a  Governor,  a 
District  Court  (sitting  at  Sitka  in  May,  and  at  Wrangel  in 
November.)  The  clerk  of  this  court  is  ex-officio  Secretary 
and  Treasurer  of  the  District  of  Alaska.  The  Act  further 
created  four  Commissioners,  having  the  powers  of  Commis- 
sioners of  the  United  States  Circuit  Courts,  and  of  Justices 
of  the  Peace,  to  reside  at  four  designated  settlements  in 
Alaska,  to  hold  courts  of  record,  subject  to  the  supervision 
of  the  District  Judge,  in  all  testamentary  and  probate 
matters,  habeas  corpus,  etc.  The  laws  of  Oregon  are 
declared  to  be  the  laws  in  *he  District  of  Alaska,  when  not 
in  conflict  with  those  of  the  United  States. 

Education.  By  the  above  Act  $25,000  was  appropriated 
as  an  annual  sum  for  education.  There  are  fifty  or  more 
schools  in  operation,  mostly  under  the  charge  of  American 
teachers,  and  every  indication  that  the  native  population 
will  avail  themselves  of  the  educational  privileges  offered. 


^^^ 


Physical  Geography.  The  territory  has  an  extensive 
length  of  over  2,000  miles,  and  a  width  of  1,400  miles,  with 
a  coast  line  of  over  8,000  miles,  being  over  two  times  the 
coast  line  of  the  United  States  on  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific, 
exclusive  of  Alaska.  The  interior  of  Alaska  has  been  but 
slightly  explored,  and  knowledge  of  the  country  has  been 
confined  mainly  to  a  few  of  the  larger  rivers,  to  the  islands 
and  to  the  coasts. 

The  territory  naturally  falls  in  six  grand  divisions. 
They  ?..  1  the  Arctic  division,  a  treeless  expanse  diversified 
by  icy  hills  and  mountains  and  with  no  inhabitants  but  the 
Esquimos;  the  Yukon  basin,  with  its  extensive  forests  near 
the  coast  and  its  inhabitants  of  Esquimcs  and  Indians;  the 
the  Kuskokwim  district,  the  Aleutian  district,  comprising 
the  islands  off  the  coast,  where  fishing  11.1  id  sealing  are  the 
cliief  pursuits,  and  where  the  population  is  mixed  Aleuti  an 
and  Russian  blood:  the  Kodiak  district,  including  the  main- 
land and  islands  south  of  the  Alaskan  range,  and  the  Sitka 
district,  including  the  Archipelago  and  the  coast,  extending 
south  to  British  Columbia.  The  Sitka  district  is  that  seen 
by  the  tourists  from  the  States.  They  gaze  on  its  enormous 
forests  and  imagine  they  have  seen  the  country.  As  a 
matter  of  fact,  they  do  little  more  than  set  foot  on  the 
territory. 

There  are  three  important  mountain  chains,  the  St.  Elias, 
or  coast  range,  the  Rocky  Mountains,  and  the  Alaskan  range. 
The  highest  elevation  in  North  America,  Mount  St.  Elias 
variously  estimated  from  17,850  to  19,400  feet,  is  one  of  the 
coast  range.  There  are  sixty-one  volcanoes— ten  of  which 
are  active — in  the  Aleutian  Islands;  the  Shishaldin,  about 
8,000  feet  above  the  waves  that  wash  its  base,  constantly 
belches  out  fire  and  smoke.    Alaska  is  one  of  the  greatest 


r 


glacier,  regions  on  the  globe.  In  one  of  the  gulches  of 
Mount  Fairweather  is  a  glacier  that  extends  to  the  sea,  a 
distance  of  fifty  miles,  and  then  breaks  in  a  perpendicular 
wall  of  ice  three  hundred  feet  high  and  eight  miles  broad. 
Above  Fort  Wrangel,  on  the  Stickeen  river,  between  two 
mountains,  3,oo<3  feet  high,  is  a  glacier  forty  miles  long  and 
four  or  five  wide  and  i,ooo  feet  deep;  opposite  this  mass  of 
ice  and  immediately  across  the  river,  are  large  boiling 
sprmgs  It  is  also  a  hot  m.ineral  spring  region.  Medicinal 
springs  abound  in  sufficient  number  and  variety  to  treat  the 
diseases  of  the  whole  human  race.  Goreloi,  one  of  these,  is 
a  vast  smoking  caldron  eighteen  miles  in  circumference. 

The  great  river  of  Alaska  is  the  Yukon.  It  rises  in 
British  Columbia,  enters  Alaska  near  the  65th  meridian  and 
flows  west  and  southwest  across  the  entire  width  of  territory 
into  Behring  sea.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  1,850  miles,  and 
it  is  navigable  in  Alaska  1,206  miles.  Eight  hundred  miles* 
above  its  mouth  it  is,  in  places,  6  miles  wide,  including  the 
intervening  islands.  It  is  the  seventh  great  river  of  the 
world,  and  drains  an  area  of  200,000  square  miles.  Accord- 
ing to  a  Russian  official  report  it  discharges  one-third  more 
water  every  hour  than  the  Mississippi.  Next  to  the  Yukon 
in  size  is  the  Kuskoquim,  which  also  flows  into  Behring  sea 
some  further  south.  The  Copper,  Chilkaht  and  Stickeen 
are  the  chief  rivers  flowing  into  the  North  Pacific  Ocean.- 
Lakes  are  said  to  be  numerous  in  the  interior  of  the  coun- 
try. A  noted  American  divine  having  had  the  pleasure  of 
an  Alaskan  trip,  said  to  the  writer:  "No  language  is  power- 
ful enough  to  describe  what  we  saw,  and  the  marvelous 
wonders  of  nature  almost  surpass  realization,  save  to  those 
who  are  able  to  take  such  a  trip  as  we  have  just  concluded. 
I  have  traveled  all  over  the  East,  have  seen  Palestine  and 


all  the  beauties  of  the  Scriptural  scenes,  have  climbed  the 
Alps  and  journeyed  in  Switzerland  and  Italy,  but  there  is  no 
comparison  between  the  scenery  there  and  that  in  Northern 
British  Columbia  and  Alaska. 

Climate.  The  climate  of  Alaska  is  much  milder  than 
that  of  countries  of  the  same  latitude  on  the  east  coast  of 
America.  That  of  the  Aleutian  Islands  is  similar  to  that  of 
the  west  coast  of  Scotland.  In  the  Yukon  Valley  there 
are  large  plains  and  extensive  marshes,  which,  though  un- 
derlaid by  ice  which  never  melts  even  in  the  hottest  sum- 
mer weather,  are  covered  with  vegetation.  The  remarka- 
ble mildness  of  the  climate  along  the  west  coasi  is  largely 
owing  to  the  influence  of  the  prevalence  of  the  Japanese 
current.  The  Aleutian  Islands  are  located  within  this 
current.  In  the  southwest  and  along  the  western  coast  the 
cold  is  seldom  more  than  12°  below  zero,  but  north-west  as 
you  approach  the  Artie  Circle  the  temperature  drops  from 
50°  to  70°  below.  At  Fort  Yukon,  Circle  City,  and  at  Daw- 
son City  in  the  North-West  Territory  the  average  winter  tem- 
perature is  about  60"  below.  Here  there  are  about  three 
months  of  summer  during  which  the  sun  is  excessively  hot, 
nothing  but  the  long  and  intensely  cold  winters  and  the 
distance  from  natural  highways  of  communication  have 
prevented  for  so  long  a  peripd  the  discovery  of  the  golden 
wealth  buried  in  the  sands  of  the  river  valleys. 

Up  to  the  present  time  seal-fishing  has  been  the  princi- 
pal industry  of  Alaska;  there  is  little  doubt  however  that 
the  recent  gold  discoveries  will  lead  to  the  development  of 
other  mineral  industries,  and  there  is  in  the  southern  por- 
tion of  the  mainland  as  well  as  in  the  islands  a  profusion  of 
forests,  sufficient  for  the  perfect  development  of  all  the 
natural  mdustri?s,    Dawson  and  Circle  City  are  prominent 


6 

among  the  new  ci.ties  that  have  sprung  up  in  the  newly 
discovered  gold  fields.  At  present  they  are  little  more 
than  minmg  camps. 

Industries.  The  great  seal  breeding  Islands  of  the 
world  are  the  Pribylof  Islands,  lying  in  the  heart  of  the 
Behring  sea.  They  were  discovered  in  June,  1787,  by  Gehr- 
man  Piibylof,  a  shipmate  serving  in  the  employ  of  a  Russian 
fur  company.  St.  George  was  first  discovered.  St.  Paul, 
about  thii-ty-six  miles  to  the  north-west  of  St.  George,  was 
discovered  in  July.  The  islands  are  so  enveloped  by  dense 
fogs  as  to  furnish  a  comparatively  secure  hiding  place  for 
the  fur-seal. 

5/.  Pau/  is  about  thirteen  miles  long,  and  is  nearly  six 
miles  in  its  greatest  width.  It  has  a  superficial  area  of 
21,120  acres,  with  a  shore  line  of  42  miles,  sixteen  and  a  half 
of  which  are  fitted  for  the  passage  of  the  fur-seals. 

Si.  George  is  over  10  miles  long  and  about  four  and  a 
half  miles  in  extreme  breadth,  having  an  area  of  about  27 
square  miles. 

Walrus,  six  miles  from  the  north-east  point  of  St.  Paul, 
are  elevated  rocky  reefs,  on  which  numerous  sea-otters  have 
been  found.  The  fur-seals  seek  these  islands  to  rest  for  two 
or  three  months  on  land,  on  a  hard,  smooth  surface,  with  a 
cooling,  moist  atmosphere,  which  they  must  have  during 
their  breeding  season.  They  find  here,  especially  on  St. 
Paul,  the  admirably  adapted  grounds  of  basaltic  rock  and 
of  volcanic  cement-slopes  of  gradual  ascent  from  the  sea, 
furnishing  a  quiet  resting  place  for  millions  of  the  intelli- 
gent species.  Mr.  Ivan  Petrof,  in  his  valuable  report  to  the 
United  States  Census  Department,  states  there  is  not  a  rod 
of  similarly  attractive  ground  on  all  the  Alaskan  coasts. 
The  s^a-otter  is  most  abundant  from  the  island  of  Qtimoak 


in 


^i 


I 


northeasterly  along  the  Alaskan  Peninsula.  The  land-otter 
is  found  on  the  whole  coast  from  the  scuthern  boundary  to 
the  northern  shore  of  Noitun  Soul  '  'Iso  on  the  whole  coast 
of  the  Yukon  as  far  as  known.  Ihe  h  aver,  the  brown  bear» 
the  mink,  the  cross,  blue  and  w^ile  fox,  the  marten,  and  a 
few  other  fur-bearing  animals  aie  also  fonuU  in  many  parts 
of  Alaska,  and  some  of  Ihem  w'Je!y  distributed  and  in 
immense  numbers. 

Cities.  Sitka,  is  the  capital  of  ihc  Territory,  and  the 
only  considerable  town.  It  is  situated  on  a  comr^iodious 
harbor  on  Baranov  Island.  It  was  long  the  headquarters  of 
the  Russo-American  fur  Company,  and  the  capital  of 
Russian-America,  then  called  New  Archangel  When 
Alaska  was  ceded  to  the  United  States  Sitka  was  a  collec- 
tion of  log  huts  about  one  hundred  in  number.  Its  inhabi- 
tants are  mostly  Creoles. 

The  most  conspicuous  object  in  the  town  is  the  Greek 
Church;  it  is  built  in  the  form  of  a  Greek  cross;  has  an 
emerald  dome  over  the  center,  and  a  bell-tower  surmounted 
by  a  cupola.  The  interior  is  a  mass  of  gold  and  silver;  the 
wood-work  is  handsomely  carved  and  richly  gilded.  This 
it  the  most  ancient  and  interesting  of  the  three  Greek 
churches  in  the  United  States.  The  rainfall  at  Sitka  is  said 
to  be  greater  than  of  any  section  of  the  world  out- 
side of  the  tropics;  the  number  of  rainy  days  in  each  year 
varies  from  a  minim.um  of  iqo  to  a  maximum  of  285.  Ice, 
fit  for  consumption,  scarcely  ever  forms  here. 

Dawson  City  is  a  typical  mining  camp,  of  at  present 
about  3,000  population.  Here  the  British  Government 
enforces  the  law  prohibiting  the  use  of  firearms,  so  that  few 
men  carry  guns.  The  laws  of  the  camp  are  enforced  by 
mounted  police.     Speculation  is  largely  the  order  of  the 


r 


8 

day.  A  claim  is  located  and  offered  for  sale,  ft  usually 
finds  a  prompt  purchaser  who  seldom  fails  to  realize  richly 
from  it.  In  fact  there  are  few  claims  that  have  not  paid 
handsomely.  There  is  very  little  lawlessness  there,  though 
drinking  saloons  are  common,  and  there  is  more  or  less 
gambling. 

Circle  City  is  but  a  few  miles  away,  and  from  that  point 
communication  can  be  had  with  the  outside  world.  It  was 
started  three  years  ago.  There  is  no  natural  advantage 
in  putting  the  town  in  that  particular  place,  only  that  there 
is  a  little  bight  of  the  river  just  out  of  reach  of  the  head- 
long current,  which  makes  a  quiet  landing  place  for  small 
boats,  and  back  of  it  is  a  level  country  for  miles.  Yet  there 
is  another  reason  in  the  fact  that  it  is  only  eight  miles  across 
a  low  divide  to  Birch  creek,  which  is  the  point  of  interest 
for  all  gold-hunters. 

It  is  out  of  the  usual  order  that  the  first  gold  discovered 
in  this  locality  w;is  not  found  by  white  men,  but  by  a  half- 
breed  named  Pitka,  who  with  an  Indian  named  Soreska  took 
out  about  $400  at  a  point  on  Birch  creek,  now  called  Pitka's 
bar,  which  is  near  the  confluence  of  several  small  tributaries 
That  was  three  years  ago.  Pitka  was  just  in  advance  of 
several  white  prospectors,  and  the  next  year  there  were  a 
hundred  men  in  the  district.  This  season  the  number  will 
run  to  a  thousand,  about  half  of  whom  are  on  a  little  creek 
called  Mastadon,  one  of  the  most  remote  of  all  the  tribu- 
taries, being  seventy  miles  from  the  town. 

There  is  little  doubt  the  entire  valley  of  the  Yukon, 
from  Fort  Yukon  to  its  source,  together  with  the  valleys  of 
all  its  tributaries  are  rich  in  gold,  and  that  we  are  at  the 
present  time  only  on  the  edge  of  discovery.  And  even  above 
the  Yukon,  far  into  the  Arctic  circle,  it   is  believed  the 


9 

mountain  ranges  are  full  of  the  precious  metal.  The  United 
States  Director  of  the  Mint  says:  "Nature  seems  to  have 
sprinkled  Alaska  and  all  Asiatic  Russia  with  gold.  The 
latter  region  sends  annually  ever  $2i;,ooo,oco  to  the  mint  at 
St.  Petersburg.  The  production  of  gold  there  is  such  that 
the  annual  output  of  the  Russian  Empire  would,  it  is 
claimed,  exceed  $50,000,000  were  it  not  for  the  obstacles  put 
in  the  way  of  human  industry  by  an  inclement  climate  and 
an  inhospitable  soil." 

The  present  supply  of  gold  has  all  been  extracted  by 
placer  mining.  After  removing  from  twelve  to  sixteen  feet 
of  frozen  sand,  more  or  less  sprinkled  with  fine  gold  dust, 
the  miner,  if  he  has  fortunately  struck  a  good  lead,  comes 
to  a  stratum  of  some  three  or  four  feet  of  gravel  rich  in 
coarse  dust  and  small  nuggets,  that  may  be  picked  out  with 
the  lingers.  All  this  sand  and  gravel  is  frozen  solid  to  a 
depth  of  over  twenty  feet,  and  the  lower  strata  never  thaws. 

The  methods  of  washing  out  placer  gold  are  known  as 
"sluicing"  and  "panning."  The  former  is  employed  where 
ihe  yield  is  of  ordinary  value,  while  all  old-timers  prefer 
the  latter  in  rich  ground, 

I-n  sluicing  the  dirt  is  shoveled  into  the  sluice  "box, 
through  which  water  is  rapidly  running.  The  box  is  of 
var^  ing  lengvh,  and  has  boles  bored  in  the  bottom.  These 
holes  are  filled  with  quicksilver;  the  dirt,  gravel  and  sma41 
bowlders  are  washed  over  the  quicksilver,  but  the  gold 
adheres  to  it.  When  a  miner  "cleans  up,"  sometimes  every 
night,  sometimes  once  a  week,  the  water  is  turned  off  and 
the  sluice  box  holes  are  cleaned  out. 

In  panning,  the  dirt  is  put  into  a  gold  pan  about  the  size 
of  a  small  dish  pan.  This  pan  is  made  of  copper.  The 
miner  squats  besides  a  stream,  dips  water  into  the  pan. 


—^eip^B^B^^^™ 


10 

oscillates  it  with  a  motion  that  « an  only  be  acquired  by 
experience,  and  gradually  sloughs  out  the  water,  dirt,  grav- 
el, etc.,  retaining  the  gold  in  the  pan.  Gold  being  the 
heaviest  substance  it  is  of  course  the  easiest  to  retain  in  the 
pan.  If  it  be  in  the  shape  of  nuggets,  the  miner  picks  them 
out  of  the  pan  with  his  fingers;  if  the  gold  be  in  small 
particles,  fine  gold  or  "flour"  gold,  he  dries  the  pan  in  the 
sun  and  carefully  brushes  the  deposit  into  a  piece  of  bick- 
skin  or  other  material  used  for  carrying  the  precious  metal. 

A  pick,  a  shovel,  a  gold  pan,  water,  and,  of  course,  some 
gold  are  the  only  essentials  of  placer  mining. 

The  gold  taken  out  of  the  Klondike  placers,  so  far 
has  been  coarse,  or  in  good-sized  nuggets. 

Machinery  is  only  necessary  in  placer  mining  where 
large  areas  of  ground  that  yield  only  moderately  are 
worked,  and  then  only  for  hydraulic  power  in  washing  down 
the  dirt. 


PLACER  MINING  LAW. 

(From  the  Revised  Statutes  of  the  United  States.) 

The  term  "placer  claim^"  as  defined  by  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States,  is:  "Ground  within  defined 
boundaries  which  contains  mineral  in  its  earth,  sand  or 
gravel;  ground  that  includes  valuable  deposits  not  in  place, 
that  is,  not  fixed  in  rock,  but  which  are  in  a  loose  state,  and 
may  in  most  cases  he  collected  by  washing  or  amalgama- 
tion without  milling." 

The  manner  of  locating  placer  mining  claims  differs 
from  thai  of  locating  claims  upon  veins  or  lodes.  In  loca- 
ting a  vein  or  lode  claim,  the  United  Stales  statutes  provide 
that  no  claim  shall  extend  more  than  300  feet  on  each  side 


11 

of  the  middle  of  the  vein  at  the  surface,  and  that  no  claim 
shall  be  limited  by  mining  regulations  to  less  than  25  feet 
on  each  side  of  the  middle  of  the  vein  at  the  surface.  In 
locating  claims  called  "placers,"  however,  the  law  provides 
that  no  location  of  such  claim  upon  surveyed  lands  shall 
include  more  than  twenty  acres  for  each  individual  claim- 
ant. The  supreme  court,  however,  has  held  that  one  indi- 
vidual can  hold  as  many  locations  as  he  can  purchase  and 
rely  upon  his  possessory  title;  that  a  separate  patent  for 
each  location  is  unnecessary. 

Locaters,  however,  have  to  show  proof  of  citizenship  or 
intention  to  become  citizens.  This  may  be  done  in  the  case 
of  an  individual  by  his  own  affidavit;  in  the  case  of  an 
association  incorporated  by  a  number  of  individuals  by  the 
affidavit  of  their  authorized  agent,  made  on  his  own  knowl- 
edge or  upon  information  and  belief;  and  in  the  case  of  a 
company  organized  under  the  laws  of  any  state  or  territory, 
by  the  filing  of  a  certified  copy  of  the  charter  or  certificate 
of  incorporation. 

*A  patent  for  any  land  claimed  and  located  may  be 
obtained  in  the  following  manner:  "Any  person,  association 
or  corporation  authorized  to  locate  a  claim,  having  claimed 
and  located  a.  piece  of  land,  and  who  has  or  have  complied 
with  the  terms  of  the  law,  may  file  in  the  proper  land  office 
an  application  for  a  patent  under  oath,  showing  such  com- 
pliance, together  with  a  plat  and  field  notes  of  the  claim  or 
claims  in  common  made  by  or  under  the  direction  of  the 
United  States  surveyor  general,  showing  accurately  the 
boundaries  of  the  claim  or  claims,  which  shall  be  distinctly 
marked  by  monuments  on  the  ground,  and  shall  post  a  copy 
aHK  jf  such  plat,  together  with  a  notice  of  such  application  for  a 
t  *         patent,  in  a  conspicuous  place  on  the  land  embraced  in  such 


plat,  previous  to  the  application  for  a  patent  on  such  plat; 
and  shall  file  an  affidavit  of  at  least  two  persons  that  such 
notice  has  been  duly  posted,  and  shall  file  a  copy  of  the 
notice  in  such  land  office;  and  shall  thereupon  be  entitled  to 
a  patent  to  the  land  in  the  manner  following:  The  registrar 
of  said  land  office  upon  the  filing  of  such  application,  plat, 
field  notes,  notices  and  affidavits,  shall  publish  a  notice  that 
such  application  has  been  made,  for  a  period  of  sixty  days 
in  a  newspaper  to  be  by  him  designated,  as  published  nearest 
to  such  claim;  and  he  shall  post  such  notice  in  his  office  for 
the  same  period.  The  claimant  ai  the  time  of  filmg  such 
application  or  at  any  time  thereafter,  within  sixty  days  of 
publication,  shall  file  with  the  registrar  a  certificate  of  the 
United  States  surveyor  general  that  $500  worth  of  labor  has 
been  expended  or  improvements  made  upon  the  claim  by 
himself  or  grantors;  that  the  pla;  is  correct,  with  such  further 
description  by  reference  to  natural  objects  or  permanent 
monuments  as  shall  identify  the  claim  and  furnish  an 
accurate  description  to  be  incorporated  in  the  patent.  At 
the  expiration  of  the  sixty  days  of  publication,  the  claimant 
shall  file  his  affidavit  showing  that  the  plat  and  notice  have 
been  posted  in  a  conspicuous  place  on  the  claim  during  such 
period  of  publication." 

If  no  adverse  claim  shall  have  been  filed  with  the 
registrar  of  the  land  office  at  the  expiration  of  said  sixty  days 
the  claimant  is  entitled  to  a  patent  upon  the  payment  to  the 
proper  officer  of  $5  per  acre  in  the  case  of  a  lode  claim,  and 
$2.50  per  acre  for  a  placer. 

The  location  of  a  placer  claim  and  keeping  possession 
thereof  until  a  patent  shall  be  issued  are  subject  to  local 
laws  and  customs. 


1, 


^PT*"^""^ 


4 


CANADIAN  MINING  REGU- 
LATIONS. 

In  case  a  person  thinks  of  going  into  the  Yukon  fields 
to  prospect  for  gold,  so  long  as  he  locates  a  claim  in  Cana- 
dian territory  he  must  be  guided  by  the  mining  laws  of  that 
country.  He  must,  therefore,  bear  in  mind  and  obey  these 
regulations,  which  are  the  principal  features  of  the  statute 
provided  for  governing  placer  miners  and  their  locations  of 
property.  Following  are  extracts  from  the  Canadian  mining 
regulations. 

7.  If  any  person  or  persons  shall  discover  a  new  mine 
and  such  discovery  shall  be  established  to  the  satisfaction  of 
the  Gold  Commissioner  a  claim  for  the  bar  diggings  750  feet 
in  length  may  be  granted.  A  new  stratum  of  auriferous 
earth  or  gravel  situated  in  a  locality  where  the  claims  are 
abandoned  shall  for  this  purpose  be  deemed  a  new  mine, 
although  the  same  locality  shall  have  previously  been 
worked  at  a  different  level. 

9.  A  claim  shall  be  recorded  with  the  Gold  Commis- 
sioner in  whose  district  it  is  situated  within  three  days  after 
the  location  thereof,  if  it  is  located  within  ten  miles  of  the 
Commissioner's  office.  One  day  extra  shall  be  allowed  for 
making  such  record  for  every  additional  ten  miles  and 
fraction  thereof. 

II.     Entry  shall  not  be  granted  for  a  claim  which  has 
not  been  staked  by  the  applicant  in  person  in  the  manne 
specified  in  these  regulations. 

12.    An  entry  fee  of  $15  shall  be  charged  for  the  first  year 
and  an  annual  fee  of  $10  for  each  of  the  following  years. 

13.  After  recording  a  claim  the  removal  of  any  post  by 
the  holder  thereof,  or  any  person  acting  in  his  behalf,  for 


14 


the  purpose  of  changing  the  boundaries  of  his  claim  shall 
act  as  a  forfeiture  of  the  claim. 

14.  The  entry  of  every  holder  for  a  grant  for  placer 
mining  must  be  renewed  and  his  receipt  relinquished  and 
replaced  every  year,  the  entry  fee  being  paid  each  year. 

15.  No  miner  shall  receive  a  grant  for  more  than  one 
mining  claim  in  the  same  locality,  but  the  same  miner  may 
hold  any  number  of  claims  by  purchase,  and  any  number  of 
miners  may  unite  to  work  their  claims  in  common  on  such 
terms  as  they  may  arrange,  provided  such  agreement  be 
registered  with  the  Gold  Comiiiissioner  and  a  fee  of  $5  paid 
for  each  registration. 

16.  Any  miner  or  miners  may  sell,  mortgage,  or  dis- 
pose of  his  or  their  claims,  provided  such  disposal  be 
registered  with  and  a  fee  of  $5  paid  to  the  Gold  Commis- 
sioner, who  shall  thereupon  give  the  assignee  a  certificate  of 
his  title. 

17.  Every  miner  shall,  during  the  continuance  of  his 
grant,  have  the  exclusive  right  of  entry  upon  his  own 
claim  for  the  miner-like  working  thereof  and  the  construction 
of  a  residence  thereon,  and  shall  be  entitled  exclusively  to 
all  the  proceeds  realized  therefrom,  but  he  shall  have  no 
surface  rights  therein. 

18.  Every  miner  shall  be  entitled  to  the  use  of  S(» 
much  of  the  water  naturally  flowing  through  or  past  his 
claim,  and  not  already  lawfully  appropriated,  as  shall,  in 
the  opinion  of  the  Gold  Commissioner,  be  necessary  for  the 
working  thereof,  and  shall  be  entitled  to  drain  his  own 
claim  free  of  charge. 

19.  A  claim  shall  be  deemed  to  be  abandoned  and  open 
to  occupation  and  entry  by  any  person  when  the  same  shall 
have  remained  unworked  on  working  days  by  the  grantee 


y 


\  > 


ritti 


15 

thereof,  or  by  dome  person  in  his  behalf,  for  the  space  of 
y  seventy-two  hours,  unless  sickness  or  other  reasonable  cause 
may  be  shown  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Gold  Commissioner, 
or  unless  the  grantee  is  absent  on  leave  given  by  the  Com- 
missioner. 


'.> 


HOW  TO  REACH  THE  GOLD 

FIELDS. 

There  are  two  general  routes  to  the  Klondike  district 
and  Dawson  City.  One  goes  by  ocean  steamer  from  Seattle, 
Wash.,  proceeding  up  Puget  Sound,  passing  Port  Townsend 
and  Victoria  and  out  through  the  Straits  of  San  Juan  del 
Fuca  to  the  Pacific,  where  one  has  an  uninterrupted  voyage 
on  a  comparatively  smooth  ocean  of  about  2,000  miles,  to 
Dutch  Harbor,  at  the  extreme  end  of  the  southwest  Alaskan 
peninsula,  which  is  the  first  stop.  A  coaling  station  and  stores 
operated  by  the  North  American  Commercial  Company, 
are  located  here;  it  is  also  the  point  of  supply  for  the  naval 
vessels  and  the  Behring  Sea  fleet  of  whalers  and  sealers. 

From  Dutch  Harbor  the  voyage  is  continued  north 
through  Bering  Sea,  past  the  Pribylof  Islands,  and  up 
through  Norton  Sound  to  Fort  Get  There,  on  St.  Michaels 
Island,  where  the  transf^^r  and  supply  station  for  the  Yukon 
river  is  located. 

Two  transportation  and  mercantile  companies  are 
enqjaged  in  the  traffic  of  the  middle  and  lower  Yukon. 

The  Alaska  Commercial  Company,  which  for  many 
years  has  controlled  a  large  sh'<Te  of  the  trade  of  the  far 
north,  has  two  sieamers,  the  Alice  and  the  Arctic,  of  about 
300  tons  burden  each.  The  North  American  Transportation 
and  Trading  Company  has  one  boat,  the  Weare,  in  service, 


nasi 


16 

and  during  the  short  season  of  navigation  these  vessels 
make  from  tferee  to  four  round  trips;  these  companies  sup- 
ply a  number  of  independent  trading  posts  and  mining 
towns  in  the  interior  with  merchandise  and  take  their  furs 
and  other  native  products.  At  St.  Michaels  passengers  and 
freight  are  transferred  direct  to  the  river  steamers,  which 
then  proceed  down  the  coast  sixty  miles  to  the  north  mouth 
of  the  great  Yukon,  a  river  larger  than  the  Mississippi,  that 
can  be  navigated  with  large  steamers  1,850  miles  without  a 
break,  and  which  abounds  in  fish.  As  you  proceed  up  the 
river  you  will  see  innumerable  Indian  villages  and  small 
settlements,  inhabited  by  traders,  missionaries  and  Indians. 
The  first  two  or  three  hundred  miles  is  through  a  low,  flat 
country,  after  which  the  mountainous  country  is  reached, 
and  the  constant  change  of  magnificent  scenery  as  you 
proceed  up  the  river  is  beyond  description,  as  nowhere  on 
the  American  continent  is  there  anything  to  equal  it.  At 
Old  Fort  Yukon,  which  is  inside  of  the  Arctic  Circle,  you 
will  see  during  the  months  of  June  and  July  the  sun  for 
twenty-four  hours  without  a  break,  and  all  along  the  river 
during  these  months  you  can  read  a  book  or  paper  at  any 
time  during  the  day  or  night  without  a  lamp,  as  it  is  con- 
tinuous daylight  during  this  time.  After  leaving  this  point 
the  next  place  of  interest  is  Circle  City,  the  metropolis  of 
the  Yukon  country.  Here  you  find  a  large  frontier  town, 
the  houses  all  built  of  logs,  and  while  they  have  no  preten- 
^sions  of  beauty,  they  are  warm  and  comfortable.  Circle 
City  has  a  'population  of  nearly  two  thousand  people,  and 
some  of  the  best  placer  mine  in  the  country  are  located 
near  this  place,  and  prospects  are  that  this  will  be  one  of 
the  best  placer  mining  camps  on  the  American  continent, 
as  it  is  steadily  increasing  in  population,  and  the  miners  and- 


1 


k 


17 


I- 


I 


prospectors  are  continually  finding  new  and  richer  placer 
ground,  and  as  the  country  around  has  been  comparatively 
little  prospected,  a  big  increase  in  population  and  the 
amount  of  gold  taken  out  of  this  section  is  looked  for. 
From  here  you  proceed  up  the  river  for  two  hundred  and 
forty  miles  farther,  where  you  find  Fort  Cudahy,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  celebrated  Forty  Mile  Creek.  This  is  a  thriving 
town,  very  similar  to  Circle  City,  but  not  so  large!  It  is  the 
supply  point  for  the  mines  in  the  Forty  Mile  district.  This 
district  has  been  a  very  prosperous  one  for  the  last  five 
years  and  has  turned  out  a  great  quantity  of  gold,  it  being 
the  first  important  district  where  coarse  gold  was  dis- 
covered. 

A  little  farther  on  is  Dawson  City,  and  sixty  five  miles 
over  the  hills  are  the  Klondike  placer  mines,  and  the  steamers 
do  not  ply  the  Yukon  above  this  point.  Dawson  City,  the 
center  of  the  new  mining  region,  although  sixty  five  miles 
distant  from  the  Klondike,  is  said  to  be  a  typical  mining 
camp  minus  the  guns.  The  British  government  enforces  its 
laws  in  Dawson  and  those  laws  prohibit  the  use  of  fire  arms 
so  few  men  carry  guns.  The  laws  of  the  camp  are  enforced 
by  mounted  police,  whose  captain  is  a  civirofifi''er.  Though 
there  are  about  3,000  people  in  Dawson,  few  houses  have 
been  built,  for  the  principal  reason  that  lumber  is  $100  per 
1000  feet.  It  takes  twenty  six  days  by  this  route  to  the  new 
mining  camps;  sixteen  days  from  Seattle  to  St.  Michaels 
Island,  and  ten  up  the  Yukon  to  Dawson  City,  by  the  fast 
boat.  The  distance  is  about  2,500  miles  from  Seattle  to  St. 
Michaels  Island,  and  1,890  miles  up  the  Yukon  to  Dawson, 
a  total  of  about  4,500  miles. 

The  other  general  route  or  way  to  the  Klondike  district, 
the  "mountain"  route  is  shorter  in  miles,  but  equally  long  in 


18 

the  tipie  it  requires,  and  a  great  deal  more  difficult.  By 
this  route  the  traveler  sails  more  directly  north  to  Juneau, 
which  is  899  miles  from  Seattle,  and  then  goes  by  lake,  and 
river  and  over  the  mountains  922  miles  to  Dawson.  You 
take  the  steamer  at  Seattle,  or  any  of  the  Puget  Sound 
ports,  touching  at  Victoria,  and  sailing  along  the  coast  of 
British  America,  till  you  get  to  Fort  Tongas,  at  the  southern 
extremity  of  Alaska;  from  here  you  proceed  north  to  Fort 

WrangeJ,  and  finally  you  get  to  Juneau. 

Juneau  is  the  outfitting  point,  the  head  of  regular  steam- 
boat navigation  during  the  winter  and  spring  months.  Here 
all  persons  leave  the  steamers  which  have  brought  them 
from  Puget  Sound  ports  or  Victoria.  The  town  is  well 
supplied  with  hotels  a*..'  restaurants,  and  board  is  cheap. 
Outfits  are  purchased  here  for  the  journey  inland,  and  among 
the  principal  things  is  a  Yukon  sleigh,  snow  shoes,  tent,  fur 
robes,  axe,  saw  and  nails  for  building  a  boat,  warm  and 
serviceable  clothing,  including  gum  boots,  blankets  and 
provisions. 

The  valley  of  the    Yukon    may   be    reached    by    five 

different  routes,  four  of  which  cross  the  mountain  range 

through  as  many  passes;  the  Dyea  or  Chilcoot  Pass,  the 

Chilcat,  Moores  or  the  White  Pass,  and  Takou.    The  other 

route  is  known  as  the  Lake  Teslin  Trail. 

The  Chilcoot  is  the  only  pass  used  to  any  extent  so  far, 

and  the  distance  is  115  miles  from  Juneau.    Small  steamers 

ply  irregularly  -between  Juneau  and   Dyea,  the  head  of 

navigation,  a  hundred  miles  northwest  of  Juneau.    Across 

the  channel  from  Juneau  is  Douglas   Island,  on  which   is 

located  a  gold  mine;  the  ore  of  this  mine  is  of  such  low 

grade  that  it  seems  strange  that  a  company  could  have  been 

found  to  take  the  risk  of  treating  it. 

At  Dyea,  immediately  in  the  foreground,  is  the  ranch 
and  store,  owned  by  Healy  &  Wilson,  and  beyond,  in  their 
mantles  of  snow,  rise  the  (Joast  mountains  cold  and  severe, 
striking  a  feeling  of  dread  into  many  a  heart,  and  beyond 
this  frozen  barrier  there  stretches  away  hundreds  of  milcg 
the  vast  country  of  th€  Yukon,  an  expanse  so  wide  that  it 
is  limited  only  by  the  extent  of  man's  endurance. 


/ 


. 


19 

On  leaving  Dyea,  one  bids  farewell  to  civilization,  and 
is  a  free  man  to  pursue  his  course  how  and  where  he  will; 
going  up  the  Dyea  River  five  miles  on  the  ice,  will  bring  you 
to  the  mouth  of  the  canyon,  about  two  miles  long  and  fifty 
feet  wide;  after  leaving  the  canyon  you  come  to  Pleasant 
Camp,  and  from  here  the  ascent  is  gradual,  and  soon  brings 
you  to  Sheep  Camp,  where  the  summit  towers  3,500  feet 
above  you,  but  the  pass  is  some  300  feet  lower.  The  de- 
scent from  the  summit  for  the  first  half  mile  is  steep,  then 
a  gradual  slope  to  Lake  Linderman,  some  ten  miles  away; 
seven  miles  across  the  lake  to  its  outlet,  down  the  outlet 
three  or  four  niiles  in  a  north-easterly  direction  to  Lake 
Bennett,  down  the  foot  of  this  lake,  twenty-five  miles,  then 
down  the  river  four  or  five  miles  and  Tagish  Lake  is  reach- 
ed. This  lake  is  about  twenty  miles  long,  and  empties 
into  Mud  Lake  through  an  outlet  three  miles  long;  Mud 
Lake  is  about  ten  miles  in  length,  and  at  the  foot  of  it  open 
water  is  usually  found  in  April.  Open  water  will  probably 
be  passed  before  reaching  this  point  in  the  rivers  connect, 
ing  the  lakes,  but  firm  ice  at  the  sides  affords  &  jod  sledding 
but  at  the  foot  of  Mud  Lake  a  raft  or  boat  must  be  built. 
Dry  timber  can  be  found  along  the  shores  with  which  to 
build  a  raft,  which  will  take  everything  to  the  Lewes  River 
Canyon,  about  forty  miles  to  the  Northwest. 

The  course  down  the  lakes  has  been  much  in  the  form 
of  a  horseshoe,  and  now  bears  to  the  westward  instead  of 
the  east;  below  the  canyon  are  the  White  Horse  rapids,  a 
bad  piece  of  water,  but  the  raft  can  be  lined  down  the  right 
hand  side  until  near  the  White  Horse,  three  miles  below. 
Below  the  White  Horse  another  raft  is  built,  and  the  journey 
continued  for  seventy-five  miles  to  Lake  Labarge,  and 
reqires  three  days.  This  lake  is  about  forty-five  miles  long 
and  there  is  an  island  about  midway;  a  day's  journey  will 
make  the  foot  of  the  lake.  A  boat  should  be  built  here. 
Going  down  the  Lewes  River,  the  Hootalinqua,  Big  Salmon 
and  Little  Salmon  Rivers  are  passed  on  the  right  before 
reaching  the  Five  Fingers.  Here  four  large  buttes  stand 
like  giant  sentinels  of  stone  to  dispute  your  farther  ingress 


do 

into  the  country,  the  water,  in  five  passages,  running  swiftly 
between;  the  right  hand  passage  is  the  only  one  which  is 
practicable,  and  though  the  water  is  swift,  it  is  safe  if  the 
boat  be  kept  in  the  center.  A  few  moments  of  careful  man- 
agement and  the  boat  is  rapidly  approaching  Reef  Rapids, 
three  miles  below;  next  comes  Pelly  River,  and  the  junction 
of  the  Pelly  and  Lewes  form  the  Yukon  proper.  At  this 
point  the  first  trading  post  is  reached.  This  is  known  as 
Harpers,  and  is  510  miles  distant  from  Juneau. 

Contmuing  the  journey  Stewart  River  is  passed  on  the 
right;  then  White  River  on  the  left,  so  named  on  account  of 
its  milky  looking  water;  the  next  tributary  on  the  same  side 
is  Sixty  Mile  Creek,  so  called  on  account  of  its  being  sixty 
miles  above  Fort  Reliance.  A  hundred  miles  below  on  the 
left  side  is  Forty  Mile  Creek,  forty  miles  below  Fort  Re- 
liance. Here  the  Yukon  is  over  two  miles  in  width  and  on 
the  upper  bank  of  Forty  Mile  Creek  is  the  principal  trading 
post  of  the  interior.  This  is  the  starting  point  for  all  the 
mines  and  is  750  miles  from  Juneau.  This  journey  is 
made  in  early  spring  by  most  miners  in  order  to  save 
expenses  of  packing,  and  requires  them  from  six  to  eight 
weeks,  although  it  can  be  done. in  summer  from  the  Lakes 
in  eight  or  ten  days. 

The  shortest,  easiest,  most  desirable  and  most  practica- 
ble route  to  the  Yukon  is  that  over  the  Chilkoot  Pass.  By 
this  route  at  least  ninety  per  cent,  of  all  the  Yukon  residents 
have  reached  their  destination,  and  the  transportation  over 
the  pass  of  large  quantities  of  supplies,  ai  '  much  heavy 
mining  machinery  is  incontrovertible  evidence  of  the  supe- 
riority of  the  route  above  all  others. 

Recently  a  new  pass  has  been  tried,  and  is  the  Lake 
Teslin  trail.  It  starts  from  Fort  Wrangel  and  presents  few 
difificulties.  This  route  leads  up  Telegraph  creek  from  Fort 
Wrangel,  and  there  is  clear  water  travel  for  about  100  miles 
up  the  creek.  The  creek  is  abandoned  there,  and  the 
traveler  strikes  straight  across  the  smooth  tableland  for 
about  175  miles.  Then  the  Teslin  Lake  is  reached,  and  it 
is  plain  sailing  down  the   Hootalinqua  river;  a  tributary  of 


ftl 


the  Lewes  river,  and  down  the  Lewes  is  clear  going  to 
Dawson  City. 


•  »  ^ 


APPROXIMATE   DISTANCES  BY  THE  VARIOUS 
ROUTES  TO  FORT  CUDAHY. 


'  Via  St.  Michael. 

Miles. 

San  Francisco  to  Dutch  Harbor 2400 

Seattle  or  Victoria  to  Dutch  Harbor 2000 

Dutch  Harbor  to  St.  Michael 750 

St.  Michael  to  Fort  Cudahy 1600 

San  Francisco  to  Fort  Cudahy,  total 4750 

Seattle  or  Victoria  to  Fort  Cudahy,  total 4350 

Via  Juneau  and  Sitka. 

San  Francisco  to  Sitka,  (outside.) 1295 

San  Francisco  to 

Seattle 820 

Port  Townsend 858 

Victoria 880 

Nanaimo 956 

Seymour  Narrows 1036 

Mary  Island 1591 

Ketchikan 1631 

New  Metlakahtla 1647 

Loring 1656 

Yaas  Bay 1675 

Fort  Wrangel 1746 

Wrangel  Narrows 1778 

Juneau 1874 

Treadwell  Ni  M 1876 

Berniers  Ba*  1920 

Chilcat 2010 

Taiya 2020 

Via  Taiya  Inlet  and  Chilkoot  Pass. 

From  Taiya  T^let  to 

Head  of  Canoe  Navigation 6 

Forks  of  Taiya  River 8 


Summit  of  Chilkoot  Pass 15 

Hea4,  of  Lake  Lin. '  erman 23 

Foot  of  Lake  Linderman 27 

Head  of  Lake  Bennett. '. 28 

Boundary  Line  B.  C.  and  N.  W.  Ty.  (Lat.  60°) 38 

Foot  of  Lake  Bennett 54 

Foot  of 'Caribou  Crossing,  (Lake  Nares.) 57 

Foot  of  Tagish  Lake... 73 

Head  of  Marsh  Lake 78 

Foot  of  Marsh  Lake 97 

Head  of  Canon 123 

Foot  of  Canon 124 

Head  of  White  Horse  Rapids 125 

Foot  of  White  Horse  Rapids 126 

Takheena  River 140 

Head  of  Lake  Labarge 153 

Foot  of  Lake  Labarge 184 

Hootalinqua  or  Teslintoo  River 216 

Big  Salmon  River 249 

Little  Salmon  River. 286 

Five  Finger  Rapids 345 

Pj"k  Rapids 351 

Pelly  River. 403 

White  River , 499 

Stewart  River 509 

Sixty  Mile  Creek 530 

.    Dawson  City 576 

Fort  Reliance 582 

Forty  Mile  River 627 

Fort  Cudahy 628 

International  Boundary  Line 667 

Via  Stikine  River. 

Victoiiato 

Fort  Wrangel 750 

Telegraph  Creek 900 

Teslin  Lake 1050 

Fort  Cudahy - . t  700 

[ft'' 


23 


INDEX  TO  MAP  OP 

ALASKA  TERRITORY. 


-    EXPLANATION. 

To  ttnd  the  name  of  any  place  on  the  map,  first  find  the  name  in  the  Index ; 
opposite  the  name  will  be  seen  the  number  and  letter  designating  It  on  the  map; 
then  find  the  square  located  between  the  meridian  lines.  In  the  center  of  which 
the  lines  meet  of  the  number  and  letter  given  and  within  this  square  will  be 
found  the  name  desired. 

Capital  In  large  type,  thus:  SITKA. 

All  Important  Towns  In  Full  Face  type. 

All  To'Yns  In  Roman  type  are  Post  Offices. 

All  Towns  In  Italic  type  are  not  Post  Offices. 

•  Money  Order  Post  Office. 

All  Telegraph  messages  for  Sitka  and  other  places  In  the  Territory  will  be 
mailed  from  Seattle,  Wash. 

The  Alaskan  Pacific  Express  operates  over  the  Pacific  Coast  Steamship  Co., 
betM  eeu  Puget  Sound  ports  and  Juneau. 

X  Population  unknown,  or  less  than  100. 

Till,  population  given  in  ihis  Index  is  from  the  United  States  Census 
Reports  of  1891,  excepting  for  towns  in  the  Northwest  Territories. 

NOTE The  population  of  Alaska,  as  given  in  tiie  census  reports,  is 

necessarily  largely  an  estimate.  What  census  taker  would  be  willing  to  go  a 
couple  of  thousand  miles  up  the  Yukon,  lor  Instance,  tn  find  the  number  of 
miners  in  one  of  the  new  camps,  or  venture  into  the  arctic  circle  to  count  the 
noses  of  the  Ehquimts,  who  are  Paid  to  liave  their  May  day  festivities  romping 
aroiaid  the  north  pole?  Dogs  furnisli  a  great  part  of  all  the  means  of  trans- 
portation and  conuiiunlcatiou  up  there  in  tlie  snows,  and  they  are  not  valuable 
for  censuh  work. 


DISTRICTS. 

FOP  . 

Arctic 3.222 

Kodlak fi,112 

Knskokwim , .'i,4it4 

NusiingHk 2,'i26 

Southcastorn 8,038 

Uniilaska 2.361 

Yukon 3.912 


Total.. 


.31.-;95 


Tlie  estimated  population  of  Alaska  Territory,  July,  1897.  WiV  40,000,  Area, 
ST'i  390  square  miles. 


24 


It  '■ 


TOWN8. 


TOWN.  DISTRICT.        INOKX. 

AJogncw,  Kodlak F  (J 

Aglvavik,  N  ushagak E  6 

Agowik,  Yukon 

Agmkehkyaiiiut"., .1)  5 

Agulkigaiuule,     KuHkokwlm 

D6 
Agulukpuktmite,  Nushagak. . 

Ayumak,  Kuskok  wim 

Ahgomek/ielanaghmnute,  K  us- 

kokwliu 

Ahg  ulakhpag/iam  "te,      K  ub- 

kok  Willi 

Ahgutiagainule,  Kuskok wini. 

Alwgoguiute, u  6 

Ahpukagamute,  Kuskokwini . 
Ahquenuch-k/Uugaiiiule,  Kus- 

kokwlm 

AUtcheruk, ; — 0  4 

AkakJtp Ilk,  N  usliaguk 

Akekictutliumuie,  Yukou 

Akguliiri.jiglak,  N ushagak. . . 

AkMok, F  7 

AkiaguiauLe,  Kuskokwim.D  5 
Akiukchiig iiiaie,  iiuskokwini. 

Akoohagamule, .D  5 

Akuliiiklipak, D6 

AkutiukrAkchnk, .E  6 

Akutan,  U  uala^ka 

Aluganok,  Koiliak G  5 

Alugnaymu.e,  Yukou 

Alexavdfovsk, F  6 

Akxiet, D  5 

Alilak,  Kodlak 

Am-i/akh, 1)  2 

Anagtiak, E  6 

Andreievsky,  Yukon D  5 

Angnovchaiauie,  Nufchagak. . 

Aiigoun, J  6 

Ankuhctuig))iutc,  Yukon 

Annovokhdintue,  Kuskok wlm. 

A7ivik,  Yukon IJ  1 

Apahiachaniule,  Kuskokwl:i;. 
Apokagainnie,  -** — - — .D  5 

Ai'ctic  City, .  .F  3 

Aakinaghaniuif.,  Kuskok wiin. 

Ankinuk, c  5 

Aahipak, F  6 

A U:/utlitgu7nute,  Kuskokwlin. 

Atku,  UnalasUa 

Atnah  Village, . .  .u  5 

Atmik.  Arc-tic D  4 

Attenmul  Village, .ES 

Attn,  Unulaska 

Auks  Settlement,  Suutlieastcrn 

J  6 

Avnuligmutc,  Yukon 

Ayaktalik.  Kodlak 

Axiavigainutc,  N ushagak. .  1)  0 

B 

Bartlett  Bay,  Southeastern. . . 

lielkofsky,  Uiialaskii D  7 

Ber7iiers  Bay,  Souiheasteru.. 


POP. 

409 
30 
51 
X 

22 

41 

15 

19 
106 

X 
210 

6 

X 
9 
79 
61 
X 
97 
43 
X 
X 
X 
80 
48 
68 
X 
X 

420 
X 
X 
10 
16 
X 

103 
15 

191 
91 
X 
X 

133 
X 
X 
89 

132 
X 
35 
X 

101 

334 
35 

106 
96 


40 

180 

5 


TOWN.          DISTRICT.        INUBX,  POP. 

Bethel,  Kuskokwlm 20 

Black      Jiiver      Seitlements, 

Yukon ;..  125 

Bolshoigor, E  4  X 

horka,  U  nalaska 57 

Boundary  Gamp,  Yukon. H  3  18 

Bradjurd,  A  ushagak 166 

Br,stol  Bay, X 

Burro  iiglis  ^'rty,Southea8tcrn.  184 

'c 

C(tpe  Douglas,  Kodlak 85 

Vape  Fox, , X 

Cape  Kru4eitstern,  Arctic...  45 

Vupe  Lees, X 

Vape  N  onie.  Art  tic 41 

Cape  I'rovidvnce, .E7  X 

Cape  jScppiiig, C  2  X 

Cape  Hiui/the,  Arctic 246 

C<    e  i  ork, C3  X 

C.    met,  N  ushagak 189 

ChalUmute,  Kuskokwlm. ....  358 

Chechinamute,  Kuskokwlm.  84 
Chernovsky  Harbor,  U  nalaska 

C  8  78 

Chetinakh, DS  X 

Chibukak, B  4  X 

Chican,  Southeastern 38 

Chichin aguinule, . D  5  X 

Chignik  Bay,  Kodlak 193 

Chikak, E6  X 

Chikak, F6  X 

CMkituk, F  5  X 

Chilkhuat    Villajes,    Kodiak 

H5  34 

Chilkat,  Southeastern 16  153 

Chilkuot  Misi,ion,  Southeast- 
ern   106 

Chlniiiiyyaiiganiai,e,  i\ uskok- 

wlni 40 

Chiiiiah, F7  X 

Chilnush  uak, 0  4  X 

Chof^dktokgha^aninU-,    Kus- 
kok wini  18 

Chokwik, F3  X 

Chtisiangamute,  Nushagak..  83 

Chuligmme,  Kuskokwlm 32 

Chutiginute       Lpper,      Kus- 
kokwlm   30 

Circle    or    Circle     City, 

Yukon H3  2,000 

Vou'  Harbor,  Unalasku. 15 

Cona>.ci"tine, Q5  X 

Cook's  Inlet, X 

» 

tjavida  vamp,  Yukon 66 

I>oUKl>*>!«,4»Sou(hea8teru.J6  402 

iJunuuuk,  Kuskok  win 48 

Dutch  Harbor,  or  Ounalaska, 

Unalfiska 0  8  x 

Dyea,  or  Healya  More,  South- 
eastern  16  X 


n 


HB 


Town.  DISTRICT,        IKDBX,     POP. 


£ 


Eagle  Harbor,  Kodlak 77 

East  Poi7it,  iVo.  1,  KuBkok- 

wlm 36 

East  Point,  No.  2,  Kuskok- 

wim 41 

Ekaluklalugumute,  Kuskok- 

wlm 24 

Ekuk, E6  X 

English  Bay,  Kodlak 107 

Erkleetpaga.  Arctic 20 

Elohlugamute,  Kuskokwlm. .  25 

Fetkin. D5  X 

Fish  Brt//,  Southeastern 4 

Flugatlokai,  Yukon 16 

Fort  Alexander, E  6  X 

Fort  Cosmos, E  3  X 

Fort  Get  There, 1)  4  X 

Fort  Morton, D  3  X 

Fort  Oonalaklik, D  4  X 

Fort  Simpson, J  8  X 

Fort  Tongas,  Southea.^tern, 

J  8  50 
Fort  Wi-angel,  •  Alaskan 

Paclflc  Ex..  Soutliea8tern..l7  316 

Fort;  Yukon,  Yukon... H  3  X 

Funter  Bay,  Southeastern ...  25 

G 

Gambier  Bay,  Southeastern. .  8 

Oilakhamute,  Kuskokwlm...  22 

Oolqfnin  Bay,  Arctic 25 

Oologamute,  Kushagak 29 

^Ooltzova,Y\x\iox\ D4  44 

H 

flamiXtona  Landing .E4  X 

Hamn a, F  6  X 

Healeys    Store,     or     Dyea, 

Soutl  eastern '. 16  X 

Hindasettt kee.  Southeastern.  143 

HoUkilaak,  Yukon 114 

Homer, F6  X 

Hoochinoo,  Southeastern  J  6  381 

•  Hoonah,  Southeastern 16  438 

Hoicakan,  Southeastern.  .J  7  X 

Huckiung.  Nushagak 32 

Huselqft  Biver, . . .  X 

I 

Icy  Cape,  Arctic 57 

Ig'igik,  N ushagak E  6  60 

Jghiak,  Kodlak 94 

Igh  ifikrhaghamute,    K  uskok- 

wlm 81 

fgiagatnute, (;  5  X 

Jgimchorhamute,  Nushagak.  31 

Ignulook,  Arctic 85 

Ignituk,  AtcUv. D4  64 

Igoioik, D4  X 


TOWN. 


DISTRICT.       INDKX.     POP. 


Ihamna, F6  X 

Ij-aleaveagmute,  Yukon 88 

/A,rtHnfcaTOJ«e,  Nushagak 60 

Ikalinka, D6  X 

Ikatlegomute, ..D  5  X 

Ikohaginute,  Yukon E  3  65 

Ikogmute  Mission,  YukonD  5  140 

Iliamna,  Koklak F  6  76 

Imoktegokhsaut, .  "2  4  X 

Ingahameh, D  5  X 

Ingahamute,  Yukon 50 

Tngamatsha,  Kodlak 73 

l7tge.ramute,  Kuskokwlm 35 

Inglehuk, D5  X 

l7isiachamute,  Nushagak 42 

Ipnot, C2  X 

Isha,  Kot'.iak 30 

Itkarapaga,  Arctic 8 

J 

* 

Jackson,  Southeastern ,18  105 

Juneau,  1  hank,  •  Alaskan 

Pacific  Ex.,  Southeastern.  J  6  1,253 

K 

lOiguiak,  Kodlak F  6  112 

Kah kirmkk. E  6  X 

UTah lu kh t ughamu <e,  K usko k- 

wln 29 

Kahmute,  Kuskokwhn 40 

Kaihcigainute,  Kuskokwlm.  157 

Kakaicaterka,  Southeastern.  70 

Kakhonah,  Nushagak 28 

Kakicalton,  Southeastern 77 

Kakwak,  Nushagak 45 

Kalhonehagniute,  Yukon 45 

Kalignak, E  6  X 

Kalla, E3  X 

Kaltag, E4  X 

Kaltlagamute,   Kuskokwlm 

E  5  29 

Kalulak, E  7  X 

Kahimakturook, .1)  1  X 

Kanagamute,K\\B^Q\\.-vi\vi\.U  5  35 

Kanagmute,  Kuskokwlm 41 

Kanitkanak,  Nushagak 53 

Kana  tak,  K  odlak 26 

Kanegnmte,  Yukon 53 

Xanikhluk,  Kodlak G  5  73 

Kan  ulik,  Nushagak E  6  54 

Karluk.  Kodlak F7  1,123 

Kasheega, C  8  X 

Kashigalogumute,     Kuskok- 
wlm   232 

Kaskanak,  Nushagak C  5  66 

Hassan,  Southeastern J  7  47 

Kaisiacharnute,  Nushagak..  50 

Kasnilqf,  Kodlak F  5  117 

Katmai,  Kodlak n.F  6  133 

Kavulonah,  N ushagak 13 

Kaviaghamute,    Kuskokwlm 

I)  3  59 

Heavyamute,  Yiikon 97 

Kegikh  towik, . . .  D  4  X 

Henai,  Kodlak ■ 864 


20 


TOWN.         DrSTKICT.        INDBX.  POP. 

Kengugmute,  Yukon 04 

KennachananaghamutP^Kns- 

kokwlm 181 

Ketchikan,  Southeastern 40 

Ke.walik, D  3  X 

Khulnoliit, . . .  E  4  X 

Kiakak, S4  X 

Kiallegak, . . .  B  4  X 

Kiehangauiute, ..1)6  X 

Xikluagamute, .  .D  5  X 

Kikiktagamute,  Kuskokwlm 

D4  119 

Kikiktoweik,  Yukon 33 

KillatrmUe, D  1  X 

KllUsnoo,  Southeastern... J  6  79 

Jiilluda,  Kodlnk 23 

yi7?(a7amw««,Ku8kokwlni.D  5  93 

Klneynagmute,  Kuskokwlm.  76 

Jtiiigaghee,  Arctic 488 

Kinghiak, K  6  X 

Kinik,  K  odlak G  5  160  ' 

Klnkegan, ('  3  X 

Kin  uiak,  Nushagak K  6  51 

A'ipiiiuk, U5  y 

Jxissalak, D6  X 

Kivichakh,  Nushiigak 37 

Xlawock,  Sontheaatern.  ..J  7  287 

ICkhanganmte,  Kuskokwlm.  49 

A'/OK/jian,  Southeastern 27 

Klukukhu,  Southeastern 15 

Klukwar,  Southeasterr ...  I  6  X 

A'iMA;M;an,  Southeastern.. J  7  326 

Klulagmjile,  Kuskokwlm 3i 

JTrauggorowckeuck, 

D3  X 

Knakalnuk, F  5  X 

Knalnlntik, G  5  X 

Kochloytogpagn^r.utf,      Kxis- 

kokwlm 20 

Kodiak,  •  Kodlak F  6  495 

Koeliik, X 

Knggiung.  Nushagak E  6  133 

Kokhlokhtokhpagmnule 

E5  X 

K»khtokalet,  Yukon 24 

Kolmakovsly,  Kuskokwlm..  26 

Komaroff, D  4  X 

Kongigamute, D  3  X. 

Kongiljanagamute, D  6  X 

Kootoagamgdmnte, D  G  X 

^oof.  kuskokv/im 117 

Koot  Itiier  Settlementa,  Kus 

kokwlm 74 

Kororinakg.  Unalaska 41 

Koshiqin,  Unalaska 45 

•  Kotlik,  Yukon 31 

Xoua  Islaiul, X 

Koyti, J  7  X.. 

Koyukuk  River  Settlementa, 

Yukon 114 

Koxerersicg,  Yukon 131 

Koayrnff, ....  E  5  X 

Kugalukmute. ....  D  3  X 

Kuguicick. E  3  X 

Kuickhlogainute,      Kuskok- 
wlm  f D5  115 

Kukak, K  6  X 


TOWN.          DISTRICT.        IJJDEX.  POP. 

KukuUak, C  4  X 

Xjilu, J  7  X 

Kushokrakh, 1)  6  X 

K^istatan.  Kodlak F  5  45 

Kutlik,  Yukon D  4  31 

Kvikhagamute, E  4  X 

Ktcichampingagamute,  Kus- 
kokwlm    25 

7rM%am?/<c,  Kuskokwlm. D  5  43 

Kyktoltowin,  Yukon 23 

Lagoon  No.  i,  Kuskokwlm.. .  30 

Lagoon  No.  2,  KvLsko^y/Un...  86 

Latda, F6  X 

Lake  liay.  Southeastern 31 

Lake  Village,  (Chageluk  Ulv- 

er)  Yukon 3 

Lake  Villagx,  (Copper  lifver) 

Kodlak 136 

LQfka, E4  X 

Lomavigamute,  Kuskokwlm, 

D5  53 

Lorlng,  Southeastern J  7  200 

Lowell,  Kodlak 13 

M 

Make.ymute,  Yukon 50 

Makushin,  Unalaska 51 

Mary  Island,  Southeastern  .18  X 

Mentokakat, ..E4  X 

Mercier  Station, . . .  .F  3  X 

Meshik,  Nushagak 74 

Metlakahtla,     Southeastern, 

J  8  823 

ifillerton,  Nushagak 165 

Mitchell,  (Y'ukon   Diggings) 

Yukon 288 

Mitrqfani,  Kodlak. 49 

Molchatfia, . . .  E  5  X 

Molozckakat, ..E4  X 

Jfor^Aoco/,  Unalaska 68 

MunUrahamute,  Ku6kokw!m 

D6  163 
Miimtre.khlaqaimile,  Kuskok- 
wlm   33 


N 


Napahaigamut^,    Nushagak, 

D5  11 

iV^ajua/mw<f,  Kuskokwlm. E  5  23 

Naparklovlik, ^D  3  X 

Napaskeagaimite,      Kuskok- 
wlm  D  5  97 

Naroogaloklagamute, 

1)5  X 

Nncturit,  Yukon ^ 9 

Nigalek, Fl  X 

Nikhkak,  Nushagak 42 

Nikolaki/, C8  X 

Ninilchik,  Kodlak F5  81 

Nilakh, G5  X 

Noatngamute, D2  X 

Noghelingamnte,  Nushagak..  16 


J87 


TOWN. 


m  STRICT. 


INDEX.      POP. 


Noh-chamute,   Kuskokwlm..  28 

Nookmtite, C3  X 

Nnrkluk,  Arctic 13 

Norton    Sound    SeUlemcnts, 

Arctic 283 

Notaloteii,   Yulcou 15 

Novokhlolahamule,  Kuskok- 
wlm   55 

Nowikakat,  Yukon F  4  77 

Nte.aleiila,  Yukon 7 

Nuhiiakhahugalik, 

D4  X 

Nuchek,  Kodiak 145 

Niiklukijet,  Yukon ,.F  3  l^U 

A'ulato,  Yukon K  4  118 

'A'iilalok, DO  X 

N ulodUayaiauie,   Xushivgak 

D  5  31 
N  unavhanaghamute,      Kus- 
kokwlm   135 

yuuarokuak-chluija/nute,  Kus- 

kokwnn 107 

^'vskaguk,  Kusliagiik 2()8 

JVuiruk. K  1  X 

JS'uwank, H2  X 

O 

Odlak.  Kodiak 273 

0:jowliia;iagak. —  D  3  X 

Oh-h(tg(t»iHte„  KuskokwUn. . .  3rt 

Ok/mganak, K  5  X 

Okhogamute, K  5  X 

Okpikln  liky 1)4  X 

Old  Harbor,  Kodiak 86 

OogovigamuU, . . . i)  5  X 

Ookagamute, . .  .D  5  X 

Oouakhtalik ...D4  X 

Orca. G5  X 

Otok-kok. D  1  X 

Origloraia, D5  X 

Ounalaska,  or  Dutch  Harbor, 

Unalaska C8  X 

Ozermoi/,\J  aalaska 45 

r 

Pnimute.  Yukon D5  X 

Pakwik.  NuHliagak 93 

Par, K3  X 

Pastohk,  Y'ukon D  4  113 

Pcnokhatskomute,  ..D  4  X 

PikmikUiUk, ....D4  X 

PinoHuragin, ...El  X 

I'oint  Barrie,  Southeastern..  92 

Point  Barrow,  Arctic 152 

Point  Belcher,  Arctic 114 

Point  Elli-%  Southeastern ....  170 

Point  Hope,  Arctic 301 

Point  Lay,  Arctic 77 

PopQf  Island,  Unalaska 146 

Porcupine  Rirer  Settlenifnts, 

Yukon.. 150 

Port  Clarence,  Arctic 485 

Poi't  Houghton, .  .J  7  X 

Port  Mnlgrum,  —, .  ..16  X 

Puguvilick, B  4  X 


TOWN. 


DISTRICT. 


INDKX. 


POP 


J'gbita  Bag,  Southeastern. ...  26 
Pgramid  Harbor,  Southeast- 
ern   77 

Q 

Queakhpaghariute,  Kuskok- 
wlm   75 

Qnelelochamute,  Kuskokwlm.  113 
Quiechlop-vhamute,    Kuskok- 
wlm   83 

Qiiichochloganiute,    Kuskok- 
wlm   65 

Qiti!()rhnganmte,Kusiiokviin\.  12 

Quinhaghainute,Kusk.ok.yflni.  105 

B 

Razgowilzky, D  5  X 

8 

Sahrai/uk,  Nushagak 32 

Saint  George,  Unalaska 93 

Saiiu  Lairrence  Island  Arctic.  267 

Walnt  Michaels,  Yukon  D  4  101 

Saint  (niorbk, . . .  .F  7  X 

Sainl  Paul,  Unalaska 244 

Sakar,  Southeastern 21 

Sakatal'xloi,  Yukon 39 

Salmon  Bag,  Southeastern...  43 

SiUKlpoint, JJ7  X 

Sanuak,  Unalaska 132 

Sea  Horse  Island,  Yukon 15 

ScMoKla,  Kodiak F  6  99 

Senienov  kg,  Unalaska 3 

Senati,  Yukon 40 

Seymour  Chan7iel,  Southeast- 
ern   9 

Shacktolik,  Y'ukon D  4  38 

Shagoluk, ....  E  4  X 

Shakan, ,17  X 

Shamans  Village, .  .F3  X 

Shapwik. D  3  X 

Sheahalegam ute, . .  1)  3  X 

Shesurearlick, .  ..D  3  X 

Shetnak, B  4  X 

Shei'enagamute, . .  D  5  X 

Shinyagamute,     Kuskokwlm 

1)6  7 

Shiningrnn, .  .G  1  X 

Shonkakat, . .  .F  4  X 

Shocenaghamute,      Kuskok- 
wlm   62 

Shuguck,  Arctic .1)  2  12 

Shuk, /  6  X 

Singick,  Arctic 12 

Siniogamute, ...C  3  X 

SITKA,  •  Alaskan  Paclflc 

Ex.,  Southeastern J  7  2.000 

Skillakh, F  5  X 

Skowl, J  7  X 

Sledge  Island,  Arctic 67 

Sonndnn, ...  .J  6  X 

Staganugamute, .  .D  5  X 

Steamer  Arctic,  Yukon, 27 

Stugarock,  Nushagak 1 


28 


TOWK. 


DISTRICT.        INDEX.      POP. 


Sumdum,  Southeastern 43 

Summer  Camp,  Yukon 4t 

iSushetno,  Kodiak F  5  143 

Swettaya  Retchka,  Yukon. ...  44 

T 

Taapkuk,  Arctic D  3  51 

Taghiaralzoviamute, D5  X 

Takashki,  Yukon 80 

Takiketngamute, . . . D  6  X 

Taksumut, ....C  3  X 

Tanak/iothaia, E  4  X 

Tanana,   (Uoper  Klver  Set- 
tlements) Yukon 203 

Tanunak, . . .  .C  5  X 

TanyuU  Yukon 37 

Tatitak,  Kodiak G5  90 

Teeketnagmute.  Yukon 27 

Teenahozona,  Yukon 8 

Tefaknaghamute,  KuFkokwlin  19g 

Thin  Point,  Unalaska 231 

Tiengag/iamute,  Kuskokwlm  60 

TikcJiik, E  5  X 

Tikirak, C  2  X 

Tlegochitnagmute.  Yukon. ..  60 

Togiagamute,  Nushagak.  .E  6  94 

Togiak,  N  ushagak E  6  14 

Tolstoi  Jiai/,  Southe&stern...  17 

Tongaas  NarrowSi, X 

Tookklagamute, D  5  X 

Toolukam.ahamute, .E5  X 

Topolnik,  Yukon 42 

Torentief, E  4  X 

Trading  Post, D  5  X 

Tramioay  Bar, , .  F  3  X 

Trinachamute,  N ushagak 20 

Ttilukagnagamute,  Kuskok- 

wlm 17 

Tulnksagtnute,  Kuskokwlm.  63 

Tuluksak, D5  X 

Tunaghamute,  Kuskokwim.  71 

Tuniakhp  uk, D  6  X 

Tupkaap, D4  X 

Tvastonagamiite,  Yukon....  33 

Tyoonok,  Kodluk F  5  115 

Txahagamute, .  ..DO  X 

Tseeto-at,  Yukon 33 

U 

Uganak,  Kodiak 31 

Ugashik  Nuslingak E7  154 

Ugavigamiite.  Kuskokwlm..  57 

Ugokhaniute,  Kuskokr/lm...  68 

Ugolaaniie, El  X 

Ukak, E6  X 

Vkevok,  Arctic 200 

Ulokagmute,  Kuskokwlm ....  27 

Ulukuk,  Yukon 25 

Umnak,  Unalaska 94 

Unrlaklik,  Yukon 175 

Unalaska,    (See  Ounalaska) 

Unalaska 817 

Unangcihik.  Nushagak 190 

Unga,  Unalaska D7  159 

Unikttagowik ....C4  X 


TOWN.         DISTRICT.        INDEX.  POP. 

Upper  Kaltag, . . .  E  4  X 

Urangashik, E  7  X 

Uyak,  Kodiak 346 

Ueinkee,  Kodiak 74 

V 

Vinisahle,  Kuskokwlm 140 

Vozneaensky,  Unalaska 43 

W 

Waitiivrtght  Inlet,  AroUc 72 

Weare, F  3  X 

Windham,  Bay,  Southeastern  11 

Wingham  Island,  Kodiak 150 

Woklehoghamute,     Kuskok- 
wlm,   19 

Wrangi-U,    (see  Fort  Wran- 

gel)  Southeastern 316 

W-'angell  liay,ls.oCi\a,yi 62 

Y 

Yaika, F6  X 

Yakitat,  Southeastern 308 

Yaktag, ...... H  5  X 

I'ekook,  N  ushagak 65 

Yeas  Bay,  Southeastern. .....  85 

Yukokakat,  Tukon E4  39 

2 

Zakattatan, — E  4  X 

Zdhuat, G5  X 


North-west  Territories. 


TOWX. 


DISTRICT,        INDEX.      POP. 


Dawson  City,  - 

Dease  House, 

Fort  Cudahy, 

Fort  Frances,  - 
Fort  Fraiiklin,  — 
Fort  6ou(l  Hope,  - 
Fort  Mcl'heraon, 
Fort  Munyl'ord,  — 
Fort  Norman,  — 

Fort  Peily, 

Fort  lleliance. 
Fort  Selkirk, — 
Fort  Himp&on,  — 

Forty  Mile, 

Klondike, 


—14 
-.K6 
-H4 
,.K5 
-.L3 
-K3 
-.J  2 
-.J  6 
.K4 
.J  5 


' .14 

— — 14 

..L5 

— ..H4 

■ 14 

La  Pierres  Uouac, 1  3 

Old  Fort, K  4 

Old  Fort  Castor, .  K  4 

Old  Fort  Good  Hope. J  3 

Reid  House, .  ..14 


3,000 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 


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1.'** 


ALASKA. 

Area,  577.390 

Square  Mllef). 

Population,  81,798. 

White 4,303 

Mixed 1.819 

Indian 23.274 

Mongolian 2,287 

All  others 112 

Indians 

Eskliuo 12.784 

Thllnket 4,739 

Athabnskan 3,441 

Aleut 968 

T.-ilinpsean 951 

Hydah 891 

DI8TBICT8.  POP. 

Arctic,  or  Sev- 
enth  3,222 

Kodiak,  or  Se- 
cond  6,118 

Kuskokwlm,  or 
Fifth 5,434 

Nushflgak,  or 
Fourth 3,726 

Southeastern.or 
First 8,088 

Unalaska,  or 
Third 2.36i 

Yukon,orSlxth3,912 

OHiap  01  riBd. 
Thoxts. 

2  Circle,  or  Cir- 
cle City H  3 

1  .Juneau J  6 

1  Karluk F7 

2  Sitka .17 

T0WN8    Oh    SKTTLK- 
MENTS. 

Hunds. 

4  Afopnac F6 

1  Afrulllagamute.I>6 

1  Ahp:ullii|fainute.  — 

2  Ahpoknpamute..— 
1  Akl8gcniute...l)S 

A  Alltak — 

1  Ankahchagmute— 

i  Auvlk D4 

1  Arctic  City.... F  3 

;  Atka — 

1  Attu — 

3  Auks    ..,16 

1  Azlavlganiute  .D  6 
2Belkof8ky D7 

1  niack  lilver....  — 

2  Bradford — 

1  Burroughs  Tfay..  — 

2  Cape  Smyth';.. .  — 
2Carincl — 

4  Chp.lltniute — 

2Chl»rnlk  li.iy....  — 

2Chllrat 16 

1  Chllkoot  Mis- 
sion  — 

4  Douglas ,16 

1  Dvea 16 

1  Kngllsh  Bay,...  - 

3  Fort  WrangeI..J7 
1  HludaKotu'   •,  ..  - 

4  Hoochinoo T  (i 

n  Iloonah 16 

1  Ikogniute  Ml 

.< 

"i./ii , — 

'  '""kson H 

1  ivHuulak 

2  KHllwlKaniulc. .  — 
2  KaHhlgaUigiiuiiito 

1  Knssllof F5 

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1  K..ti  in( F6 

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1  Klkll'tnKftniutn.  — 
5  MliipnKhcc - 

2  Kltiik O  ri 

;t  Klawofk J7 

3  Kliikwan )  7 

T)  Ko'lluk Ffi 

1  KoKKluii).' E  (i 

1  Koor — 

1  Koyiik-  k  Hh-er.  — 

1  Knzcrcvsky -- 

1  Knlcklil.)giiiniite 

D5 

1  l.iiko  VllliiRi>.   ..  - 

'i  LorliiK J  7 

HlMrtlnkuJitlii /8 

aMIllcrion - 

3  MfK'lH'Il -- 

2  Muintritliiiiiiii'i' 

Dfi 

3  Norton  Sound.. 

1  Nuchfik...   - 

1  i'liklukyot FH 

1  NiilBto K  4 

1  N'miRchimAKlia- 

•iiiite - 

3  XuBhuRiik — 

30(ltRk — 

1  Pastollk D4 

1  Point  BaiTle..,.- 
1  Point  Bn-vow.. .  — 

1  Point  Belcher..  — 

2  Point  Kills — 

3  Point  Hope — 

1  Popof  Inlnnn...  — 

2  I'orcuplnc  HIver  — 
5  Port  CInrcnce..  — 
1  Quele'ochiuniite 

1  Quinlinchamuto.— 

3  St.  Lawrence  1h- 
land — 

2  St    Michaels... D  4 

est.  Paul — 

1  Sannak — 

1  StUlovla F6 

1  Sushetno FB 

a  Tanana — 

3  Tefaknafirhnniutc-  - 
?  Thin  Point...       — 

1  ToRL-.t-w'Tiiite.   .,.  0 

i  "^voonok F5 

3TT(ja8hlk E  7 

aUkevok — 

2Unalakllk — 

SUnalapl'a C8 

2  iinHiib'aihlk — 

2Un(?a D7 

2Uvak — 

1  Vanlsahle — 

^  Weare F  ?. 

awintrha-  ,  Island  — 

3  Yakitat — 

North-West  Territory. 

CHIEF  CITY. 

TnoiiK. 
8Dawsonv''Ity....I4 


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C-&  N.W.RT 


IS  THE   GREAT 


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AHhland,  Omaha,  Sionx    City,    Denver, 

Portland,  San  Francisco, 

And  Principal  Cities  of  tlu^ 

\A/est  and    North-west. 

All  Agents  sell  Tickets  via. 

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Traffic  Manager. 


W.  B.  KNISKSKN, 

General  Passenffer  and  Ticket  Agent. 


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